产生恶果；造成重大损失， 一个地道英语表达 toll

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take a heavy 'toll (on sb / sth) | take its 'toll (on sb / sth)
   to have a bad effect on sb / sth; to cause a lot of damage, deaths, suffering, etc.
   产生恶果；造成重大损失(或伤亡、灾难等):
   Illness had taken a heavy toll on her.
   疾病对她的身体造成极大的损害。 exact，
   The recession is taking its toll on the housing markets.
   经济衰退使住房市场遭受着重大损失。

注意：
The pressure of fame can take a terrible toll. | The recession is taking its toll.
这里的take 可以换用: exact, estimate, 意义有区别了。但是toll还是“重大损失”的意思。

仔细学习这个单词，用起来非常地道。

toll¹ / tol ; təʊl /
◙noun [C]
1. [usually singular] the number of people killed or injured in a particular accident, by a particular illness etc
• 〔事故、疾病等造成的〕伤亡人数:
»The death toll has risen to 83.
  死亡人数已上升到 83 人。
»The bombings took a heavy toll , killing hundreds of Londoners.
  爆炸造成严重伤亡，有几百名伦敦人丧生。
2. a very bad effect that something has on something or someone over a long period of time
• 严重的不良影响:
▪ [+ on ]
»Years of smoking have taken their toll on his health.
  多年的吸烟习惯已对他的健康造成了严重的影响。
»a heavy toll on the environment
  对环境的严重损害
3. the money you have to pay to use a particular road, bridge etc
• 〔道路、桥梁等的〕通行费
4. the sound of a large bell ringing slowly
• 〔缓慢的〕钟声

toll²
◙verb [I,T]
1. if a large bell tolls, or if you toll it, it keeps ringing slowly, especially to show that someone has died
• 〔尤表示某人已死而缓慢持续地〕敲（钟），鸣（钟）


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